NETWORKING REFERENCE
Explore the stack.
53 topics across 9 modules, from Ethernet frames to encrypted tunnels.
53 topics across 9 modules.
MODULE 01
Networking Fundamentals
The building blocks everything else stacks on top of.
7 topics- 01OSI Model vs TCP/IP ModelMap seven OSI layers to the TCP/IP stack and follow encapsulation.Beginner
- 02Network TopologiesCompare star, bus, ring, and mesh layouts and their failure points.Beginner
- 03Collision Domain vs Broadcast DomainSee where collisions and broadcasts stop at switches and routers.Beginner
- 04Hubs vs Switches vs RoutersSeparate flooding, MAC-based switching, and IP routing.Beginner
- 05Duplex: Half vs FullUnderstand simultaneous transmission, shared media, and duplex mismatches.Beginner
- 06Copper, Fiber, Transceivers & PoEMatch media, optics, distance, and power requirements, then calculate a PoE budget.Beginner
- 07Bandwidth, Throughput, Latency, Jitter & LossSeparate capacity from application speed and work through transfer time and TCP window limits.Beginner
MODULE 02
Layer 2: Data Link
Frames, MAC addresses, and how switches keep loops from eating the network.
8 topics- 01Ethernet Frame & MAC AddressingRead Ethernet fields, MAC addresses, EtherType, and the frame check sequence.Beginner
- 02ARPResolve an on-link IPv4 next hop to its MAC address and inspect the cache.Beginner
- 03VLANs & 802.1Q TrunkingDivide broadcast domains and carry VLAN tags across a trunk.Intermediate
- 04Native VLAN & VLAN HoppingUnderstand untagged trunk traffic and double-tagging risks.Intermediate
- 05Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1D)Follow root election, port roles, and loop prevention.Intermediate
- 06RSTP & MSTCompare rapid convergence with multiple spanning-tree instances.Intermediate
- 07EtherChannel / Link AggregationBundle links with LACP and understand per-flow load distribution.Intermediate
- 08Switch Port SecurityLimit learned MAC addresses and distinguish violation actions.Intermediate
MODULE 03
Layer 3: Network
Addressing, routing tables, and how a packet actually gets somewhere else.
14 topics- 01IPv4 Addressing, CIDR & VLSMCalculate subnet boundaries, usable ranges, and a worked VLSM allocation.Beginner
- 02IPv4 Header StructureInspect TTL, protocol, fragmentation flags, and header checksum.Intermediate
- 03IPv6 Addressing & Header BasicsRead IPv6 notation, address scopes, and the fixed base header.Beginner
- 04IPv4 FragmentationTrace MTU limits, fragment offsets, and destination reassembly.Intermediate
- 05ICMP: Ping & Traceroute MechanicsInterpret echo replies, TTL expiry, and unreachable messages.Beginner
- 06Routing Tables & Longest Prefix MatchChoose the most specific matching route before forwarding.Intermediate
- 07Administrative Distance & MetricsSeparate route-source preference from a protocol's path metric.Intermediate
- 08Static RoutingUse next-hop, default, and floating static routes.Beginner
- 09Distance-Vector Routing (RIP, EIGRP)Compare neighbor-based route learning, metrics, and convergence.Intermediate
- 10Link-State Routing (OSPF, IS-IS)Build a topology database and calculate shortest paths across areas.Intermediate
- 11BGP BasicsTrace BGP sessions, next hops, two-provider path selection, and routing safeguards.Intermediate
- 12NAT & PATFollow address and port translations through a state table.Intermediate
- 13Inter-VLAN RoutingRoute between VLANs with subinterfaces or switched virtual interfaces.Intermediate
- 14Packet Flow Across NetworksTrack changing Ethernet headers and routed IP packets hop by hop.Intermediate
MODULE 04
Layer 4: Transport
TCP reliability mechanics and the UDP alternative.
5 topics- 01TCP Header StructureDecode sequence numbers, acknowledgments, flags, and window fields.Intermediate
- 02TCP 3-Way Handshake & TerminationFollow SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK, FIN, and connection state changes.Beginner
- 03Flow Control & Congestion ControlSeparate receiver capacity from network capacity using rwnd and cwnd.Intermediate
- 04UDP Header & Use CasesRead UDP's four fields and understand what delivery it does not guarantee.Beginner
- 05Ports & SocketsDistinguish service ports, ephemeral ports, and connection endpoints.Beginner
MODULE 05
Application Layer & Name Resolution
Where names become addresses and requests become pages.
5 topics- 01DNS Hierarchy & Record TypesNavigate zones, delegation, and A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, and TXT records.Beginner
- 02DNS Resolution FlowFollow a lookup from stub resolver through cache, root, TLD, and authority.Beginner
- 03DHCP Process (DORA)Trace address leasing through Discover, Offer, Request, and ACK.Beginner
- 04HTTP/HTTPS: 1.1 vs 2 vs 3Compare HTTP multiplexing, TCP ordering, and QUIC stream delivery.Intermediate
- 05Capstone: What Happens When You Type a URLConnect DNS, ARP, routing, TCP, TLS, and HTTP in one page load.Intermediate
MODULE 06
Security & Encryption
Keeping traffic private, authenticated, and out of the wrong hands.
8 topics- 01Symmetric vs Asymmetric EncryptionSeparate shared-key encryption, public-key operations, and hybrid protocols.Beginner
- 02PKI & Digital CertificatesVerify identities through certificate chains, trust stores, and revocation.Intermediate
- 03TLS/SSL Handshake (1.2 vs 1.3)Compare handshake messages, certificate authentication, and key agreement.Intermediate
- 04IPsec Fundamentals (AH vs ESP)Compare IPsec protection, transport mode, and tunnel mode.Intermediate
- 05IKEv1 vs IKEv2Follow security association negotiation and key exchange.Intermediate
- 06VPN TypesDistinguish remote-access and site-to-site encrypted connections.Beginner
- 07Firewalls & ACLsCompare packet filters, stateful inspection, and rule ordering.Intermediate
- 08Common Attacks: ARP Spoofing, MITM, DDoSConnect common network threats with protocol weaknesses and defenses.Intermediate
MODULE 07
Wireless Networking
Shared airtime, secure joins, and the handoff between access points.
2 topicsMODULE 08
Enterprise Networking
Practical campus structure, enforced boundaries, and resilient gateways.
2 topicsMODULE 09
Operations & Troubleshooting
Choose a useful test, capture the right evidence, and explain what it proves.
2 topics- 01Network Troubleshooting & Diagnostic ToolsUse bounded Windows and Linux checks to separate link, route, DNS, TCP, TLS, and application failures.Intermediate
- 02Packet Capture: Wireshark & tcpdumpChoose a capture point and filters, read a synthetic SYN trace, and recognize capture artifacts.Intermediate
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